The Epistles of John: Living in Truth and Love. 1 John 4:2-3
Week 35: Sept 30, 2012
Study
i. How to test (4:2-3)
2 – This is how you can recognize God’s Spirit: Every spirit who acknowledges that Jesus the Messiah[1] has become human—and remains so—is from God.
– Having said that we should test, John now gives us a means for testing.
Jesus the Messiah has become human—and remains so
– The Greek is somewhat ambiguous here. This could be translated as Has become (NIV) or is come (KJV) The ISV translation encompasses both views. Those who left seem to have drawn a distinction between physical and spiritual and as such they would have denied this. So what John has done is go straight to the core issue: the nature and person of Jesus.
– This is also the dividing line when we look at those who attend other churches. What do they say about Jesus? We may disagree on a lot of side issues, but the key question is what do they say about Jesus.
3 – But every spirit who does not acknowledge Jesus is not from God. This is the spirit of the antichrist. You have heard that he is coming, and now he is already in the world.
– This is so important that John expresses it both in a positive and a negative fashion as a way of emphasizing it.
not acknowledge Jesus
– There is a textual issue here as some manuscripts have Jesus is come in the flesh or similar variations. These are almost certainly later addition by scribes who were attempting to make this verse match verse the wording in verse 2.
– Note that the focus here on Jesus (as opposed to saying that we should acknowledge the Messiah) and thus it serves as a perfect summary. First, it focuses the issue on the key point denied by those who left. Second by just mentioning Jesus, and it serves as a generalization, i.e., the nature and person of Jesus.
spirit of the antichrist
– Again this is a term that has taken on a lot of meaning since the first century. John usage here is not focused on the end times, but on those who claim to be followers of Christ, when in reality they are against or opposed to Christ; i.e., antichrists. ( See comments on 2:18)
If you have question or comments about the class, feel free to send me an email at elgin@hushbeck.com and be sure to put “Epistles of John” in the header.
See here for references and more background on the class.
Scripture taken from the Holy Bible: International Standard Version®. Copyright © 1996-2008 by The ISV Foundation. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED INTERNATIONALLY. Used by permission. www.isv.org
Note: Some places I have modify the text from the ISV version. Passages that I have modified have been noted with and * by the verse number and the ISV text is included in a footnote.
Footnotes:
[1] 4:2 Or Christ
[1] 4:2 Or Christ
The Epistles of John: Living in Truth and Love. 1 John 3:23-4:1
Week 34: Sept 23, 2012
Study
i. The Commandment (3:23-3:24)
23 – And this is his commandment: to believe in the name of his Son, Jesus the Messiah,[1] and to love one another as he commanded us.
– John spells out what is expected of us: Believe in the name (On name see notes on 2:12). The concept of Name refers to the power and the authority. This stems from who Jesus is. Note that John includes Jesus. This is another indication that those who left were a form of proto-Gnostics who would have rejected that the physical Jesus was anything more than just a container for the Messiah. The other part of the command is to Love one another. These are the two tests of a true Christian. On a side note, just think of all the things the church has at times added to this list. John’s list is much better.
24 – The person who keeps his commandments abides in God,[2] and God abides in him.[3] This is how we can be sure that he remains in us: he has given us his Spirit.
– John once again returns to equating obedience with abiding in God, We in him, and He in us. Marshall points out that obedience here is not so much a condition but an expression of abiding in God.
This how we can be sure
– While obedience equates to abiding, John give us a further test: The Holy Spirit. John does not specify how will manifest itself, probably because it is different for different believers. But his does raise the question, how do we know that what we think is the spirit is the Holy Spirit? This is a question to which, John will now turn.
d. Test what People Say (4:1-3)
i. Test (4:1)
1 – Dear friends, stop believing[4] every spirit. Instead, test the spirits to see whether they are from God, because many false prophets have gone out into the world.
– Having just told them that the Spirit confirms that we abide in God, John adds a caution: Not every spirit is from God, it is important not to be deceived. Mormons, for example, base their faith on “their Testimony” which they believe to be a message directly from the Holy Spirit. My faith is based on a message I believe came from the Holy Spirit. We both cannot be correct. So how can we tell?
test the spirits
– Faith is not simply a belief and nowhere are we told to just blindly accept. Christianity is not just an abstract theological system to be believed. It is a faith based grounded in historical events that can and should be tested. For example:
1 John 10 – The claim of who Jesus is in 10:30 is challenged. Note how Jesus basis his claim on evidence in 10:30-37
If I am not doing my Father’s works, do not believe me. But if I am doing them, even though you do not believe me, believe the works,
2 John 14:11 – Jesus told his disciples to believe him, or at least believe the works (i.e., the evidence) that he has been doing.
3 Acts 17:11 – the Bereans tested everything Paul said
4 1 Thess 5:21 – Test everything
– many false prophets have gone out into the world
– Not only are there false spirits, but people are deceived by these spirits have gone out into the world. How we are to deal with these false prophets was a key message of 2nd John. Given the context here, it is most likely, those who left also claimed to be led by the Spirit.
If you have question or comments about the class, feel free to send me an email at elgin@hushbeck.com and be sure to put “Epistles of John” in the header.
See here for references and more background on the class.
Scripture taken from the Holy Bible: International Standard Version®. Copyright © 1996-2008 by The ISV Foundation. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED INTERNATIONALLY. Used by permission. www.isv.org
Note: Some places I have modify the text from the ISV version. Passages that I have modified have been noted with and * by the verse number and the ISV text is included in a footnote.
Footnotes:
[1] 3:23 Or Christ
[2] 3:24 Lit. in him
[3] 3:24 Lit. and he in him
[4] 4:1 Or do not believe
The Epistles of John: Living in Truth and Love. 1 John 3:19-22
Week 33: Sept 16 2012
Having contrasted sin with abiding in Christ, John now gives two positive examples to show what abiding in Christ and love really mean.
Study
i. Two Benefits (3:19-3:20)
*19-20 – This is how we will know that we are from[1] the truth and how we will be able to keep our hearts[2] at rest[3] in his presence, 20whenever[4] our hearts condemn us because[5] God is greater than our hearts and knows everything.
– Having stated the principle, John now gives us two reasons that we should do this. The first reason is the service of other is a sign of our devotion to the truth – That we are from (i.e., that we are grounded in) the true teaching of Christ. The second is that this should set our hearts as ease. If we are too busy “giving our lives” to others, there is no need to worry about our relationship with Christ.
– If our hearts condemn us
– This is a difficult verse because it is not clear exactly what John means. One possibility is that if our hearts condemns us we can take comfort in our service to others. The another is that whenever our heart condemns us, we can take comfort knowing we are from God. The word condemn (καταγινώσκῃ) here refers to knowing something against someone. But John is quick to point out that God is greater than our hearts and knows everything. He knows more than our heart does, he is the judge, not our heart. He sees everything we do. Yes he sees our failures, but he sees all the times we are faithful that we followed the leading of the Holy Spirit but did not even realize it.
c. Love answers prayer (3:21-24)
i. The Confidence (3:21-3:22)
21 – Dear friends, if our hearts do not condemn us, we have confidence in the presence of God.
– John transitions by taking the point from the previous verse, i.e., that we put our heart at rest and moves his argument forward. If our heart is at rest, we can be confident before God. Do you feel confident? If not, why not?
22 – Whatever we request we receive from him, because we keep his commandments and do what pleases him.
– This is another difficult statement. One that in many ways, seems too good to be true. But as Marshall put it, “though we are encouraged to have faith that will move mountains, a prayer that an awkward mound in my garden will smooth itself out is unlikely to be answered by some kind of miraculous bulldozing operation.” (p 200) But as always context is important, and here it is in the context of keeping His commandments, and doing His will. This is not a grant of power to ourselves, but an expression of God’s willingness to work through us. He will give us whatever we need to do His will.
If you have question or comments about the class, feel free to send me an email at elgin@hushbeck.com and be sure to put “Epistles of John” in the header.
See here for references and more background on the class.
Scripture taken from the Holy Bible: International Standard Version®. Copyright © 1996-2008 by The ISV Foundation. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED INTERNATIONALLY. Used by permission. www.isv.org
Note: Some places I have modify the text from the ISV version. Passages that I have modified have been noted with and * by the verse number and the ISV text is included in a footnote.
Footnotes:
[1] 3:19 ISV belong to
[2] 3:19 ISV: keep ourselves 3:19 Lit. keep our hearts
[3] 3:19 ISV: Strong
[4] 3:20 ISV: if
[5] 3:20 ISV: lacks because
Energion Roundtable Week 7 Responses
In Arthur Sido’s response to this week’s Energion Roundtable question on Jobs, there was little with which I would disagree. While I would agree that Gary Johnson, the Libertarian candidate, would go farther than Romney in cutting back on the size of Government, I do not consider him a viable candidate. Like it or not, either Romney or Obama will be the President next year. Frankly, at this point, I would be happy with just starting to cut back. Then we can have a wonderful discussion on how much. Still we both agree that Obama is going in the wrong direction.
While there was some agreement with Bob Cornwall we differed on some key points. I agree that “government can play a rather significant role from building/rebuilding the nation’s infrastructure to supporting education/training efforts that will enable Americans to find and retain jobs.” In fact this may very well be an area where I would agree with Cornwall against Sido.
Where I would disagree is that, while we have benefited greatly from such investment in the past, and would do so in the future, the benefits are long term not immediate. In fact this is a great example of a short term loss, for long term gain. While building a road or a bridge does employ people, Sido is correct that the “Money that is spent by the government is either a) taken from the private sector so it can’t be used to invest in actual jobs or b) borrowed against future revenue that further sinks this country into debt.”
Either way this government spending is a net drag on the economy. When times are good, it can be worth the investment, but it just does not make sense during a recession to make things worse now for some distant future benefit.
As I pointed out in my reply to this question, economic studies indicate that unemployment would have to be near 12% to just break even. While real unemployment (i.e., if you include those who are not counted in the official rate because they have given up) is close to that, such spending at the present would have a negative effect not a positive one.
However there is an additional problem. Government agencies not only block the private sector, they block the public as well. Thus even though they are broke, CA just decided to spend $8 billion on a high speed rail to build their infrastructure. The problem is that it will be a very long time, possibly decades and very likely never, before the train could actually be built. This is because the route would pass through the area of several endangered species. Thus they have, in reality, chosen to burden their already struggling economy with $8 billion dollars of debt today (even if they do not borrow it today, it will still loom over them as a future debt obligation) for a train that might never even get built. This is hardly rational.
When it comes to investing in unproven areas such as new sources of energy the situation is even worse. This is because such projects ignore a key aspect of economics: efficiency. To see this just consider your own budget. If you can find a cheaper cell phone plan that meets your needs than the one you currently have, switching will free up money you can use elsewhere. In short, the more efficiently you use your money the more you will have to spend in other areas. This is why the profit motive is so important, for it strongly encourages people to constantly seek more efficient ways to run their business.
Viewed in this light, spending on alternative energies, however valuable they might or might not be from a long term energy perspective are horrible when it comes to short term economic stimulus. This is because again government must tax or borrow, which by itself is at least a short term economic negative, for use on subsidizing inefficient sources of energy that could not otherwise compete in the market. They are, in a very real sense, wasting money in the short term for a theoretical benefit in the future. At least when Government builds a road or a bridge, they will have a real benefit in the future. Subsidizing things like wind power has no such guarantee.
Cornwall says that “Government can also provide incentives, subsidies, and loans to entrepreneurs and other forms of business – large and small – so they can create jobs.” There is some truth here, and this is in fact an argument in favor of tax cuts particularly for those who invest, i.e., leave the money with the people in the first place. However as government tries to direct and control this money any benefit is rapidly eliminated.
There are two factors that work against government in this area. The first is that however noble the intension might be, the ideal that government could keep political considerations out of such decisions so that they could be made only for economic reasons is a fantasy, and this will introduce yet more inefficiency into the process.
The second is that, even if politics could somehow be kept out, government would still suffer because it is, for the most part, a single source. When considering private investment, the real advantage is not that people in the private sector are somehow smarter or better. That they are not constrained by political considerations is a plus, but in the big picture it is only a small advantage. The biggest advantage is in their numbers. The private sector, with its thousands if not millions of investors, from big institutions all the way down to friends and family, can look at and fund a far larger number of projects that government could ever being to consider.
In short, government can bet inefficiently on a few, or the private sector can bet much more efficiently on a very large number. It is a numbers game. While most will fail, those that succeed reap benefits not only for their investors but the economy as a whole. Thus with the private sector, there is so much investment, that it is, on the whole, like betting on a sure thing. With government, it is much closer to playing Russian roulette with the economy.
After all, we have been trying the government approach for nearly 4 years, and just look at where it has gotten us. Do we really want four more years of the same, with a major fiscal cliff coming ever closer, or isn’t it about time to try something that we know works?
Energion Roundtable Week 7 Jobs
This week’s Energion Roundtable question with Bob Cornwall, Arthur Sido, Allan R. Bevere, Joel Watts, and myself is:
What are the key policies that should be implemented in order to [create / facilitate the creation of / not impede the creation of] jobs? As always, feel free to compare your ideas to those of the candidates.
In my answer to week two’s question, I pointed out that of the three main issues in this election, “First and foremost has to be the economy” and the key aspect of the economy has to be jobs. This is also one of the biggest failures of the Obama administration. Obama promised that if we passed his stimulus, unemployment would not go above 8 percent. But it has not been below 8 percent since.
As with most of his problems, Obama blames this, not on any failure of his policies, but on Bush. There are a number of problems with this, not the least of which is that the recession ended in the June of 2009. A year later was hailed as “Recovery Summer”. Now as the summer of 2012 fades into memory, one has to ask just how many summers of recovery must we have before we can conclude that Obama’s policies are just not working? Even worse, it is becoming increasingly clear that the economy is slowing and problems are growing.
The real problem, as I detailed elsewhere, is that Obama’s analysis of the problem is just plain wrong. Since he does not understand the causes, it is no surprise that his fixes do not work. In fact, they are actually making things worse. If you get past the politics and look at this from an economic point of view, the current high unemployment is pretty easy to understand.
Economists know that there is a clear correlation between risk taking, innovation, growth and employment. For decades the United States has encouraged risk taking, which has funded innovation, spurred growth and thereby increased employment. As Edward Conard summarizes this in his book “Unintended Consequences,” for decades the US “poured more investment into innovation than the rest of the world” and as a result “productivity soared … while Europe and Japan stagnated.”
Our current high rates of unemployment are the result to too much investment money sitting on the sidelines. This is normal in a recession. As the economy slows, risk rises, and correspondingly investment drops. As confidence returns, so does investment so that businesses can expand and unemployment drop. What is different about this recession is that investment dollars continue to remain in safer less risky investments, and the big question is: if the recession ended in the spring of 2009, why is so much capital still on the sidelines?
The reason is quite simple: at virtually every turn the Obama administration has either increased risk or sought to reduce returns, and sometime both. While the government threw trillions at the economy, little if any actually funded any innovation that would have generated a high multiplier effect thereby spurring the economy. In fact studies show that for economies like ours, unemployment would have to exceed 12% before the multiplier effect of such spending would even reach 1x, and thus break even. In fact little that government does breaks even, much less comes close to the average return of 7.5% annual return of private investment; that is when investors are investing.
Critics will claim that encouraging investment only helps “the rich,” but that is simply false. Studies show that workers capture 70% of investment dollars. For example, my business has been struggling to develop and launch a new product for years. If I had an investor, I would use the money to immediately hire people. Multiply that by businesses across the county seeking to innovate or even expand. Some will fail and the investors will lose their money. Some will do ok, and others will grow to become household names, as Google, Apple, Microsoft, McDonald, Staples, Home Depot, and countless others did. In the process, they will be providing jobs directly and indirectly for millions.
Potential investors tend to be generally in one of two modes, either they are seeking to grow their wealth by taking risks with great benefits for the economy as a whole, or they are seeking to preserve their wealth as is typical during a recession. Rather than encouraging businesses and investors to take risks, the Obama administration has attacked them as the villains behind the recession (falsely I might add); threatened them with higher taxes (reducing both their ability to invest and reducing any potential return); passed huge pieces of legislation (ObamaCare and Dodd/Frank) with unclear implications (driving up both costs and risks); increased regulation (both increasing risks and driving up costs), and directly blocked businesses (permitorium, Keystone pipeline, Boeing. etc.).
In short, at virtually every turn Obama and the Democrats have taken almost the exact opposite action than that needed to grow the economy. In the process they have exploded the debt adding even more uncertainty and threatening fiscal collapse. Add to this the Feds’ QE1, QE2, and now QE3 which raises the specter of inflation. (Frankly, the Fed has printed so much money that I do not see how we can realistically avoid being hit by significant, and possibly even runaway, inflation at this point, regardless of who wins the election.) Finally add to this the uncertainty surrounding the coming fiscal cliff and it is no wonder investors are reluctant to invest.
What should be done? Actually it is pretty easy in principle. Stop attacking business; stop increasing the burden on businesses; seek to reduce uncertainty; and encourage growth oriented investment, the type of investment has been largely non-existence since the start of the recession, and which is needed if we are ever going to get out of it. Romney clearly understands this, while Obama’s policies demonstrate that he does not.
